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Coding Scheme
Codes or controlled terminology is essential to communicate concepts and entities in a manner that leaves no guessing. There are codes that are used for diagnosis, for diagnostic imaging and view codes that accommodate hanging protocols. Another set of codes is used to encode measurements, such as those taken with ultrasound or cardiology examinations. It allows the exchange of the units (i.e. cm) and several other parameters. The coding scheme prevalently used is the Logical Observation Identifiers, Names and Codes (LOINC). SNOMED is another coding scheme used. SNOMED stands for Systematized Nomenclature for Medicine. Many codes which are used within DICOM, originate from the SNOMED data dictionary. If a new code is needed in a DICOM object, first the most common code schemes (particularly SNOMED) are searched to determine if there is a code already available so as not to duplicate efforts. If there is a new code needed, it will be defined as a DICOM (DCM) code in Part 16 of the DICOM standard. How are these codes being encoded in a DICOM image? They are always exchanged as a multi-element group or sequence (SQ) containing the coding scheme used to define the code (SNOMED, LOINC, a private coding scheme, etc.), its code scheme version number, the code itself and its meaning as a text string. This meaning allows a receiver that does not have access to the list of codes to still display the information to a user. |
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