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Cystitis

• Inflammatory process of the bladder
• Can be caused by infection (most common), radiation, medications (such as Cyclophasphamide). Eosinophilic cystitis also possible.
• Radiographic features: Mucosal thickening, reduced bladder capacity, standing of perivesical fat

Bacterial Cystitis:

• Acute:
  
  • Pathogens in Bacterial cystitis: E. Coli >Staphylococcus > Streptoccus > Pseudomonas   
  • Predisposing factors: Instrumentation, trauma, bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic bladder, calculus, tumor

• Chronic Cystitis: results from repeated bacterial infections due to such causes as reflux, diverticulum, bladder outlet obstruction

• Emphysematous Cystitis: results from infection (most commonly E. coli.) that causes gas within the bladder and bladder wall
• Predisposing diseases: Diabetes mellitus, long-standing urinary obstructio

• Tuberculosis: chronic interstitial cystitis that usually ends in fibrosis. Typically coexists with renal TB

• Schistosomiasis:
• Caused by S. haematobium. Infected humans excrete eggs in urinary tract; eggs become trapped in mucosa causing severe granulomatous reaction
• Radiographic features: extensive calcifications in bladder wall and ureter (hallmark), inflammatory pseudopolyps, ureteral strictures, SCC
• Other types of Cystitis: Radiation cystitis, Eosinophilic cystitis, Interstitial cystitis

Another example (this form cyclophosphamide)

Another example (hemorrhagic cystitis)